Key Facts
- Haryana is a state in India located in the northern part of the country.
- It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966, based on linguistic considerations.
- Haryana shares its borders with Himachal Pradesh to the north-east.
- The eastern border is defined by the Yamuna River, separating it from Uttar Pradesh.
- To the west and south, Haryana is bordered by the state of Rajasthan.
- The northern border is demarcated by the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which flows along the border with Punjab.
- Chandigarh serves as the state capital.
- Faridabad, located in the National Capital Region, is the most populous city in the state.
- Gurugram is a prominent financial hub within the National Capital Region.
- Haryana is home to ancient historical sites, including the Indus Valley Civilization sites at Rakhigarhi village in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district, which are approximately 9,000 years old.
- It was the ancestral land of the legendary Bharata dynasty.
- Kurukshetra, the site of the epic battle between the Kauravas and the Pandavas in the Mahabharata, is situated in Haryana.
- Haryana is the largest exporter of Basmati rice to the international market.
- The state has the lowest child sex ratio (0-6 years) among Indian states, with a ratio of 834 girls for every 1,000 boys.
State Animal / Bird / Tree / Flower
- Animal: Black Buck
- Bird: Black Francolin
- Tree: Peepal
- Flower: Lotus
Geographical Division
- Haryana as a whole is a plain
- Shivalik mountain range in the northeast
- Aravalli mountain ranges in the southern part of Haryana
- Yamuna-Ghaggar basin, creating the largest portion of the state
- Semi-arid sandy plateaus in the southwest
- Morni Hills area of Panchkula district, which represents the highest point
Rivers
- Yamuna
- Saraswati
- Ghaggar
- Markanda
- Tangri
- Chautang
Canals
- Western Yamuna Canal
- Sutlej Yamuna link canal (from the Sutlej river, a tributary of the Indus)
- Indira Gandhi Canal
Major Dams
- Kaushalya Dam in Panchkula district
- Hathnikund Barrage and Tajewala Barrage on the Yamuna in Yamunanagar district
- Pathrala barrage on the Somb river in Yamunanagar district
- Ancient Anagpur Dam near Surajkund in Faridabad district
- Ottu barrage on the Ghaggar-Hakra River in Sirsa district
Climate
- Continental character
- Very hot in summer and markedly cold in winter
- Pleasant months of spring
Lakes
- Badhkal
- Brahma Sarovar
- Karna Lake
- Sannihit Sarovar
- Tilyar Lake
Protected Areas
- Sultanpur National Park
- Kalesar National Park
- Abubshehar Wildlife Sanctuary
- Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
- Bir Shikargarh Wildlife Sanctuary
- Chinchilla Wildlife Sanctuary
- Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary
- Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary
- Morni Hills (Khol-Hi-Raritan) Wildlife Sanctuary
- Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary
Fairs & Festivals
- Surajkund International Crafts Mela
- Mango Mela
- Kurukshetra Mahotsav
- The Pinjore Heritage Festival
Dances
- Phulkari and Shisha embroidery
Read Also: Himachal Pradesh: The Mushroom Capital of India
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