Rising sand temperatures are causing a large proportion of Olive Ridleys to be females “Raising Questions” on the long-term viability of the population.
Relevance
GS Paper: GS-3 (Environment & Biodiversity)
Themes: Wildlife Conservation, Climate Change, Marine Ecology
Key Highlights
Olive Ridley Turtle Population Trends
- 16-year study (2008-2024) by Dakshin Foundation, IISc, and State Forest Departments shows stable or growing population.
- Rising sand temperatures due to climate change have led to skewed sex ratios (more female hatchlings), raising concerns for long-term viability.
- Study also includes Leatherback turtles (Andaman & Nicobar) and Green Turtles (Lakshadweep).
Significance of Arribada (Mass Nesting)
- Rushikulya and Gahirmatha in Odisha are among the largest turtle nesting sites globally, along with Mexico and Costa Rica.
- Recent arribada in Rushikulya saw 400,000-500,000 turtles nesting in a few days, marking one of the largest in recent years.
- However, inconsistent nesting patterns in some years despite high offshore turtle presence remain puzzling.
Conservation & Climate Challenges
- Long-term monitoring crucial to understand climate impact on turtle populations.
- Coastal and oceanic habitat threats due to climate change and human activities require continuous conservation efforts.
Analysis & Way Forward
- Mitigation strategies like artificial shade structures for nesting sites can reduce temperature effects on hatchlings.
- Strengthening marine protected areas and curbing coastal development are vital for long-term conservation.
Mains Mock Question
“Discuss the impact of climate change on Olive Ridley turtles in India. What conservation measures can be taken to ensure their long-term survival?”
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