The British Isles consists of the countries of United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. It lies off the Northwest coast of mainland Europe. They are made up of two large islands and 500 smaller ones. Politically, the region is divided into two countries: the United Kingdom-England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Islands and the Republic of Ireland.
Landscape
Geographically, the British Isles are divided between highlands to the north and west, and lowlands to the south and east. The Ben Nevis Mountain is the highest point in the British Isles. It is 1,343 m above the sea level. The Lake District National Park has England’s highest peak. Scafell Pike, at 978 m is deepest lake. Wastwater (80 m) is its largest lake. The Pennines are a chain of high hills topped by Moorland. They run for over 400 km and are known as the ‘backbone of England’. The Fens is the flattest area in England. Much of the land here has been reclaimed from the sea. Rias are rivers valley that have been drowned by rising sea level. The southern coast of southwest England has many good examples. The Burren is a large area of limestone rock in the west of Ireland. Its flat surfaces are known as limestone pavements.
Climate
‘The British Isles’ climate is moderated by the warm Atlantic ocean current called ‘Gulf-Stream‘. The west is generally wetter than the east and the south warmer than the north.
Industry
The United Kingdom’s traditional industries such are coal-mining, iron and steel-making and textiles have declined in recent years. Today, newer industries make cars, chemicals, electronic and hightech goods. Service industries especially banking and insurance have grown in importance. The country’s most valuable natural resources are its large North Sea oil and fields.
Population
The United Kingdom is densely populated with most of the people living in urban areas. The Southeast is the most crowded part of the country. The Scottish highlands are populated today than they were 200 years ago. Ireland is still mainly rural, with many Irish people making their living from farming.
