As the world moves toward finalizing the Global Plastics Treaty, reducing microplastic pollution has become an urgent priority, demanding a multi-pronged approach involving regulations, innovative technologies, and global cooperation.
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Classifications:
Plastics less than 5 mm in diameter, formed through fragmentation or intentionally manufactured for specific uses.
Primary: Manufactured for commercial use, such as microbeads in cosmetics, plastic pellets, and synthetic fibers.
Secondary : Formed from the breakdown of larger plastics, such as water bottles, due to solar radiation, ocean waves, and mechanical forces.
Applications of Microplastics
Medical and Pharmaceutical: Used in drug delivery systems due to their ability to absorb and release chemicals effectively.
Industrial: Utilized in air-blasting technology and in producing synthetic textiles.
Personal Care Products: Found in exfoliating agents like facial scrubs, toothpaste, and other cosmetics.
Measures Taken:
Global Level:
UNEA Resolution: Mandated the creation of the Global Plastics Treaty to combat plastic pollution, including microplastics.
New Zealand Microbead Ban (2017): Banned sale and manufacture of products containing microbeads.
India Level:
Plastic Waste Management Rules (2016, 2018, 2024): Provides frameworks to manage and reduce plastic waste.
Ban on Single-Use Plastics: Nationwide ban on items like plastic straws and cutlery to reduce plastic pollution.
India Plastics Pact: Encourages industries to minimize plastic use and enhance recycling practices.
Global Plastics Treaty:
In 2022, 175 nations agreed to develop a legally binding agreement on plastic pollution by 2024 to reduce GHG emissions from plastic production, use and disposal.
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