The word “murder” derived from the Germanic term “morth,” which means “Secret Killing.” Murder means when one person is killed by another person or a group of people having a pre-determined intention to end the former’s life. An offence will not amount to “murder” unless it contains an act that falls under the definition of culpable homicide as per the definition of Murder under IPC. All culpable homicides are not murders but all murders are homicides. The offence of “Murder” comes under section 300 of the Indian Penal Code and it also states five exceptions when culpable homicide is not considered as murder. Culpable homicide is further divided into two categories:
- Culpable homicide amounting to murder.
- Culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
What is IPC 300?
Section 300 IPC is one of the provisions relating to the offence of “Murder. According to this section, culpable homicide is considered as murder if:
- The act by which the death is caused is committed with an intention to cause death.
- The act is done with the intention of causing such bodily injury that the offender has knowledge that it would likely result in death.
- The act is committed with the intention of causing bodily injury to a person and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature.
- The person committing the act knows that his act is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, result in death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death.
Ingredients of Murder
- Causing death: There should be an intention of causing death,
- Doing an act: There should be an intention to cause such bodily injury that is likely to cause death, or
- The act must be done: with the knowledge that the act is likely to cause the death of another.
Illustration
- A shoots B with an intention of killing him. As a result, B dies, murder is committed by A.
- D intentionally gives a sword-cut to C that is sufficient to cause death of anyone in the ordinary course of nature. As a consequence, C dies. Here, D is guilty of murder though he did not intend to cause C’s death.
300 IPC Case Laws (Supreme Court and High Courts)
| State (Delhi Administration) v. Laxman Kumar 1986 Cr. LJ 155 (SC) |
| Ganga Singh (1873) 5 NWP 44 |
| R. Venkalu AIR 1956 SC 171 |
| Nga Dwe (1904) 1 Cr. LJ 909 |
| State of Karnataka v. Gangadharaih 1997 Cr. LJ 4068 (SC) |
| M. Suseela v. State of Tamil Nadu 1997 Cr. L.J. 4390(SC) |
| Gabbar Pandey (1927) 7 Pat. 638 |
| Gaurishankar (1918) 40 All. 360 |
| Tulsa (1897) 20 All. 143 |
| Bhagava (1916) 12 Bom. LR 54 |
| Ranjiha (1947) 49 PLR 305 |
| Karu Marik v. State of Bihar 2001 Cri. L.J. 2615 (SC) |
| Bhola Bind (1943) 22 Pat. 607 |
| Brij Bhukhan Air 1957 SC 474 |
| Anda AIR 1957 SC 148 |
| State of UP v. Virendra Prasad 2004 Cri LJ 1373 (SC) |
| Babulal Biharilal AIR 1943 Nag 931 |
| Rajwant Singh AIR 1966 SC 1874 |
| Sunnumuduli (1946) 25 Pat 355 |
| Dil Mohammad (1941) 21 Pat 250 |
| Garasia Rajendra sinh Jethubhai v. State of Gujarat 1979 Cri. L. J. (NOC) 68 (Guj) |
| Dasser Bhooyan (1867) 8 WR (Cr) 71 |
| Nga Khan AIR 1921 LB4 |
| Indar Singh Bagga Singh v. State of Pepsu AIR 1955 SC 439 |
| Charan Singh v. State of Punjab, and Lakha Singh v. State of Punjab 1998 Cri. LJ 647 (SC) |
| Prakash Hiraman Hingane v. State of Maharashtra AIR 1998 SC 2211 |
| Ramashraya and another v. State of Madhya Pradesh 2001 Cri. LJ 1452 (SC) |
| Lal Bihari Lal v. Emperor AIR 1946 Nag. 120 |
| Judagi Mallah (1929) 8 Pat 911 |
| State of MP v. Ram Prasad AIR 1968 SC 881 |
| Nga Ba Tu AIR (1921) LB 26 |
| Bharat (1920) 23 Cr. L.J. 179 |
| Jagtar Singh v. State of Punjab 1983 Cr. L.J. 852 SC |
| Gorachand Gopee 5 WR 45 (FB) |
| Emperor v. Dhirajia AIR 1940 All. 486 |
| Kanhai (1912) 11 ALJR 752 |
| Gyarsibai 1953 Cr LJ 588 |
| Sahaj Ram V. State of Haryana 1983 Cr. LJ 588 |
| Gobadur Bhooyan (1870) 13 WR (Cr.) 55 |
| Gandura Nayoko (1882) 1 Weir 305 |
| Munniswami v. Emperor 1937 MWN 93 |
| Minai w/o Hudkia v. Emperor AIR 1938 Nag 318 |
| Melvill J In R.V. Govinda (1876) 1 Bom 342 |
| Reg. V. Gorachand Gope 5 WR (Cr) 45 Peacock CJ |
| Reg. v. Govinda (1876) 1 Bom 342 per Melvill. J. |
| Per Peacock C.J. in Gorachand Gopee (1866) 5 WR (Cr) 45 (FB) |
| Barkatulla (1887) PR No. 32 of 1887 |
| Augustine Saldanha v. State of Karnataka Per Straight, J. in Idu Beg. (1881) 3 All. 776 |
| Augustine Saldanha v. State of Karnataka 2003 Cri. L J 4458 (SC) |
| Sabjit Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh 1983 Cri LJ 961 SC |
| State of UP v.l Satish Chandra and Others 1985 Cri. L. J. 1921 |
| Siddique v. State of UP AIR 1999 SC 1690 |
| State of UP V. Kapildeo Singh AIR 1999 SC 1783 |
| State of Haryana v. Bhagirathi 199 Cri L J 2898 (SC) |
| State of Haryana v. Tek Singh 1999 Cri LJ 2577 (SC) |
| Ramachandra Obdar v. State of Bihar 1999 Cr. L J 1449 (SC) |
| State of Rajasthan v. Major Singh 1999 Cr. L. J 1631 (SC) |
| Mathappa Gounda AIR 1954 Mad 538 |
| Mangal AIR 1925 Nag 37 |
| Amar Singh AIR 1956 MB 107 |
| Kanhailal AIR 1952 Bhopal 21 |
| K M Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra AIR 1962 SC 605 |
| Madhavan v. State of Kerala 1966 Ker LT 112 |
| Khairati ram AIR 1953 Punj 241Lochan (1886) 8 All 635 |
| Rajendra Rai v. State of Bihar 1999 Cr. L. J. 1448 (SC) |
| State of UP v. Lakhmi AIR 1998 SC 1007 |
| Kundarapu (1962) 1 Cr LJ 261 |
| Jamaluddin AIR 1955 Mad 1227 |
| Ram Bilas Yadav v. State of Bihar 2002 Cri LJ 978 (SC) |
| Ram Avtar v. State of UP 2003 Cri LJ 480 (SC) |
| Dhirajbhai Gorakhbhai Nayak v. State of Gujarat 2003 Cri. LJ 3723 (SC) |
| Ghapoo Yadav v. State of MP 2003 Cri LJ 1536 (SC) |
| Ram Prakash Singh v. State of Bihar AIR 1998 SC 1190 |
| Bagdi Ram v. State of Madhya Pradesh 2004 Cri. L.J. 632 (SC) |
| Sachchey Lal Tiwari v. State of Uttar Pradesh 2004 Cri LJ 4660 (SC) |
| Kalpana Mazumdar v. State of Orissa 2002 Cri LJ 3756 (SC) |
| Khima Vikamshi v. State of Gujarat 2003 Cri. L J. 2025 (SC) |
| Sarabjit Singh and Others v. State of UP 1983 Cri Lj 961 (SC) |
| Birbhan Singh v. State of UP 1985 Cri. LJ 1635(SC) |
| Pawan Kumar v. State of Haryana 2003 Cri LJ 3552 (SC) |
| Gurpreet Singh v. State of Haryana 2002 Cri LJ 4688 (SC) |
| Vikas v. State of Rajasthan 2002 Cri LJ 3760 (SC) |
| Ashok Kumar v. State of Bihar 1999 Cri LJ 599 (SC) |
| State of Punjab v. Jugraj Singh 2002 Cri LJ 1503 (SC) |
| Din Dayal v. Raj Kumar Alias Raju and others 1999 Cri LJ 467 (SC) |
| Daljeet Singh v. state of Punjab 1999 Cri LJ 454 (SC) |
| Amrik Singh v. State of Punjab 1999 Cri LJ 463 (SC)Bhola Singh v. State of Punjab 1999 Cri LJ 1132 (SC) |
| Surinder Kumar v. State of Punjab 1999 Cri LJ 267 (SC) |
| Dev v. State of Rajasthan 1999 Cri LJ 265 (SC) |
| Jinat Mian v. State of Assam AIR 1998 SC 533 |
| Sanjay Kumar v. State of Himachal Pradesh 1999 Cri LJ 1138 (SC) |
| State of Rajasthan v. Dhool Singh 2004 Cri LJ 931 (SC) |
| State of Tamil Nadu v. P. Muniappan AIR 1998 SC 504 |
| Ram Kumar Madhusudan Pathak v. State of Gujarat AIR 1998 SC 2732 |
| Lichhama Devi v. State of Rajasthan 1988 Cri. LJ 1812 (SC) |
| Lichhamdadevi v. State of Rajasthan 1988 Cri LJ 1812 (SC) |
| Vishwanath Shantha Nallapa Dhule v. State of Karnataka AIR 1998 SC 246 |
| Ali Ahmed v. STate of UP AIR 1998 SC 1232 |
| Gujjan Singh v. State of Punjab AIR 1998 SC 2417 |
| Pal Singh v. State of Punjab 1999 Cri LJ 3962 (SC) |
| Pal Singh v. State of Punjah 1999 Cri LJ 3962 (SC) |
| Shivraj Bapuray Jadhav v. State of Karnataka 2003 Cri LJ 3542 (SC) |
| Nallabothu Venkaiah v. State of Andhra Pradesh 2002 Cri LJ 4081 (SC) |
| Sunil Kumar v. State Government of NCT of Delhi 2004 Cri LJ 819 (SC) |
| Karnam Ram Narsaiah v. State of Andhra Pradesh 2004 Cri LJ 4217 (SC) |
| Mahantappa v. State of Karnataka 1999 Cri LJ 450 (SC) |
| Kishori v. State of Delhi 1999 Cri LJ 584 (SC) |
| Rameshwar Pandey v. State of Bihar 2004 Cri LJ 1407 (SC) |
| State of Karnataka v. David Razario 2002 Cri LJ 4127 (SC) |
| Shiv Ram v. State of UP 1998 Cri LJ 76 (SC) |
| Mahendra Nath Das v. State of Assam AIR 1999 SC 1926 |
| Jai Kumar v. State of MP AIR 1999 SC 1860 |
| Ashok Kumar Pandey v. State of Delhi 2002 Cri LJ 1844 (SC) |
| Om Prakash v. State of Haryana 1999 Cri 2044 (SC) |
| State of Maharashtra v. Bharat Fakira Dhiwar 2002 Cri LJ 218 (SC) |
| Nirmal Singh v. State of Haryana 1999 Cri LJ 1836 (SC) |
| Ram Anup Singh and others v. State of Bihar 2002 Cri LJ 3927 (SC) |
| Dharmendra Singh v. State of Gujarat 2002 Cri LJ 2632 (SC) |
| Suresh v. State of UP 2001 Cri LJ 1462 (SC) |
| Sushil Murmu v. State of Jharkhand 2004 Cri LJ 658 (SC) |
| State of UP v.l Shri Krishan 2005 Cri LJ 892 (SC) |
| Mohd. Chaman v. State (NCT of Delhi) 2001 Cri LJ 725 (SC) |
| Hukumchand v. State of Haryana 2003 Cri LJ 57 (SC) |
| State of UP v. Satish 2004 Cri LJ 1428 (SC) |
| Amit v. State of Maharashtra 2003 Cri LJ 3873 (SC) |
| Amit v. State of Maharashtra 2003 Cri LJ 3873 (SC) |
| Surendra Pal Shivbalak Pal v. State of Gujarat 2004 Cri LJ 4642 (SC) |
| State of Punjab v. Gurmej Singh 2002 Crio LJ 3741 (SC) |
| Dayanidhi Bisoe v. State of Orissa 2003 Cri LJ 3697 (SC) |
| Subhash Ram Kumar Baid v. State of Maharashtra 2003 Cri LJ 443 (SC) |
| Union of India v. Devendra Nath Rai 2005 Cr LJ 967 (SC) |
FAQs on Murder under Section 300 of the IPC
Section 300 of the IPC relates to the offense of “Murder.” It defines the circumstances under which culpable homicide is considered as murder.
According to Section 300, culpable homicide is considered as murder if it fulfills any of the following conditions:
a) The act causing death is committed with the intention to cause death. b) The act is done with the intention of causing such bodily injury that the offender knows is likely to result in death. c) The act is committed with the intention of causing bodily injury, and the intended injury is sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. d) The person committing the act knows that it is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, result in death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death.
The essential ingredients of murder under Section 300 are: a) There must be the death of a person. b) The death must be caused by the intentional act of another person with the intention to cause death or knowledge that it is likely to cause death.
No, murder requires a specific intent or knowledge of causing death. Unintentional acts resulting in death may fall under other sections of the IPC depending on the circumstances.
Read also:- IPC Section 299:- Culpable Homicide
Read also:- IPC Section 300: Murder,IPC Section 300: Murder,IPC Section 300: Murder,IPC Section 300: Murder,IPC Section 300: Murder
