India is a federal republic that possesses unitary functionality in a state of emergency. This means when there is a national emergency situation, this constitutional apparatus disintegrates and all the states function as one. Emergency provisions are included in Articles 352-360. All the fundamental rights except those mentioned in Articles 20 and 21 cease to operate in a state of emergency.

Types of emergency in the Indian Constitution

The State may override the different individual freedoms in the presidential state of emergency and enforce those federal standards in Section XVIII of the Constitution.

Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution allows for emergency arrangements.

• National emergency (Article 352)
• State emergency (Article 356)
• Financial emergency (Article 360)

Criticism of Emergency Provision

Read Also: Fundamental Duties Of Indian Constitution