#1 Archaeological Findings of Megalithic Urn Burials in Kerala

A significant archaeological discovery was made in Kerala during a rainwater harvesting project, where numerous megalithic urn burials were uncovered on Kundlikkad Hill, also known locally as Malampalla or Malappuram Hill.

This site is located within the Nenmara forest division, and the discovery offers a glimpse into ancient funerary practices that date back over 2,500 years. The practice of urn burial, where the deceased’s remains are placed inside pottery vessels and then buried, is a reflection of the megalithic culture that once thrived in this region.

Key Insights on Megalithic Urn Burials

Hilltop Burial Sites: These burial sites are characterized by cairn heaps with cists, cairn circles, and stone circle burials, all located on elevated terrain, which is a rare find for such burial practices.

Age and Rarity: The urn burials discovered date back more than 2,500 years, making them a unique find, especially considering their location on hilltops, which is uncommon for such burial sites.

Pottery and Urn Characteristics: Various types of pottery were found, including black ware, red ware, and a combination of black and red ware. One particular urn had fingertip impressions, while smaller pots exhibited cord-impressed designs, showcasing intricate decorative methods used during that period.

Construction Techniques: Chisel marks found on rocks near the burial sites suggest that the construction of these burial enclosures was highly organized and structured, indicating advanced craftsmanship.

Archaeological Significance: This discovery provides valuable insights into the transitional period between the Mesolithic era, known for microliths, and the Iron Age in Kerala. The coexistence of elements from both periods in one site is rare and sheds light on the evolving cultural and burial practices of ancient communities.

Overview of Megalithic Culture

Definition and Function: Megaliths are large stone structures, typically used as burial markers, and are usually located away from habitation areas. These monumental structures reflect the burial customs of ancient communities.

Chronology: Based on excavations at Brahmagiri, the Megalithic cultures in India are dated between the 3rd century B.C. and the 1st century A.D.

Geographical Spread: Megalithic sites are primarily found in the Deccan region, south of the Godavari River, but they are also scattered across the Indo-Gangetic plains, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Jammu and Kashmir.

Notable Sites: Important megalithic sites in India include Seraikala in Bihar, Khera in Uttar Pradesh, and Deosa in Rajasthan, each showcasing varying forms of burial practices and artifacts.

Iron Age Connection: The Megalithic period in South India marked the beginning of the widespread use of iron technology. Artifacts from sites like Junapani in Vidarbha and Adichanallur in Tamil Nadu show the full adoption of iron, significantly influencing the communities’ way of life.

Cultural Artifacts: Rock paintings found at some megalithic sites depict scenes of hunting, cattle raids, and communal dancing, giving us a glimpse into the socio-cultural dynamics and daily life of these ancient societies.