Introduction: During the 7th and 8th centuries CE, Islam found its way to India through merchants, traders, spiritual leaders, and conquerors. However, significant building initiatives under the Delhi Sultanate began only in the early 13th century, marking the advent of large-scale architectural endeavors. Indo-Islamic architecture serves as a testament to the harmonious amalgamation of cultural traditions.
Early Architectural Techniques:
By the 12th century, India had already witnessed monumental constructions. Initial construction methods relied on trabeation, using brackets, pillars, and lintels to support roofs or shallow domes. Stone and wood arches were introduced, but their inability to bear significant weight necessitated a shift to the archuate form, allowing arches to support domes through interlocking blocks (voussoirs) and keystones. This innovation freed interior spaces from the need for pillars.
Indo-Islamic Synthesis:
As Muslims settled and conquered regions, they absorbed local architectural elements while adapting them to their own styles. This amalgamation resulted in Indo-Saracenic or Indo-Islamic architecture. This style evolved through a constant interplay of acceptance, rejection, and modification. As a result, it became a synthesis that incorporated diverse structural techniques, shapes, and decorative elements.
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Distinctive Characteristics:
Hindu architecture, rooted in multiple manifestations of gods through sculptures and paintings, contrasted with Muslim artistic traditions. Muslims, restricted from depicting living forms, evolved their art forms, focusing on arabesque, geometric patterns, and calligraphy on stone and plaster surfaces.
Conclusion:
The evolution of architecture in India under Islamic influence witnessed a fusion of diverse architectural styles and artistic expressions. Indo-Islamic architecture serves as a testament to the harmonious amalgamation of cultural traditions. It marks a unique chapter in India’s architectural history.
Read Also: Indian Medieval Architecture
