Music has been an integral part of Indian culture since ancient times, and its development in medieval India was a continuation of this rich tradition. With a history steeped in diverse musical traditions and styles, music played a crucial role in both religious ceremonies and cultural events, providing not only entertainment but also a means of spiritual expression. The evolution of music during this period was influenced by various factors, such as regional cultures, religious beliefs, and socioeconomic status. These elements collectively shaped the vibrant tapestry of melodic expressions that emerged in medieval India.
About Music During Delhi Sultanate
- During the reign of Amir Khusrau, a pivotal figure in the history of music, significant strides were made in the musical landscape.
- Amir Khusrau, known for describing Kashmir as “Eden on Earth,” proudly proclaimed himself as the “tuti-i-hind” or the parrot of India. His era witnessed the rule of eight sultans, including Jalaluddin Khalji, Alauddin Khalji, and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
- It is attributed to Amir Khusrau that the Qawwali style of music began to take shape during this period, marking a significant evolution in melodic expression.
- Amir Khusrau’s influence extended to the development of modern ragas such as aiman, gora, and sanam, showcasing his profound impact on the melodic repertoire.
- Notably, Amir Khusrau is credited with inventing the sitar, a novel melodic instrument that combined elements of the Indian vina and the Iranian tambura, contributing to the rich diversity of melodic instruments.
- The period saw the introduction of new melodic instruments like the sarangi and rabab, adding depth and variety to the musical landscape.
- Raja Man Singh of Gwalior emerged as a notable patron of song during this era, actively encouraging the composition of the remarkable melodic work known as “Man Kautuhal.”
Read Also: Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320)
