What is IL-35?

Researchers has discovered a specific protein IL-35 that protects the immune system by lowering particular immune cells that produce inflammatory chemicals, thereby reducing pancreatic cell infiltration, a key contributor in type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes mellitus. IL-35 helps protect against type 1 and autoimmune diabetes.

What is Immunotherapy?

• Immunotherapy tries to help the immune system recognize diseases like cancer as a threat and attack it.
• Rather than attacking the cancer directly, as chemo does, immunotherapy tries to rally the patient’s immune system to fight the disease.
• The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and bio chemicals they secrete.
• It defends the body against viruses, bacteria, and other invaders.
• The immune system does not stop cancer as cancer often finds ways to hide from the immune system or block its ability to fight
• Immunotherapy involves drugs that free immune cells to fight cancer. These drugs block a mechanism called checkpoint. Checkpoint is used by cancer to shut down the immune system.

What is Diabetes?

• Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas can no longer make insulin, or the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces.
• Not being able to produce or use insulin effectively leads to raised glucose levels in the blood, known as hyperglycaemia.
• Over the long-term high glucose levels are associated with damage to the body and failure of various organs and tissues.
• Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose.

Types of Diabetes:

Type 1 diabetes:

• It is a condition in which your immune system destroys insulin-making cells in your pancreas. These are called beta cells.
• When you have type 1 diabetes, your body produces very little or no insulin.
• It requires daily administration of insulin to maintain blood glucose levels under control.
• It is usually diagnosed in children and young people, so it used to be called juvenile diabetes.
• Symptoms include excessive excretion of urine (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), constant hunger, weight loss, vision changes, and fatigue.

Type 2 diabetes:

• It results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin that it produces.
• More than 95% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.
• This type of diabetes is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity.
• Symptoms may be similar to those of type 1 diabetes but are often less marked.

Gestational diabetes (GDM):

• It is a type of diabetes that consists of high blood glucose during pregnancy and is associated with complications for both mother and child.
• GDM usually disappears after pregnancy, but women affected, and their children are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

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