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Minorities

In 2005, the Union Government notified five communities — Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Parsis — as minorities at the national level.

Minority in India

In 2005, the Union Government notified five communities — Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Parsis — as minorities at the national level.

In 2014, the then government notified followers of Jainism as a minority community, making them sixth on the national list.

What is the percentage of total Minorities in the country?

As per the Census 2011, the percentage of minorities in the country is about 19.3% of the total population of the country.

The population of Muslims is 14.2%; Christians 2.3%; Sikhs 1.7%, Buddhists 0.7%, Jain 0.4%, and Parsis 0.006%.

Constitutional provisions:

Article 29:

It deals with the “protection of interest of minorities”, and says that “any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same”.

Article 30:

It deals with the “right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions”, and says that all minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

Minority for the purpose of Article 30 cannot have a different meaning depending upon who is legislating.

Language being the basis for the establishment of different states for the purposes of Article 30, linguistic Minority will have to be determined in relation to the state in which the educational institution is sought to be established.

The position with regard to religious minorities is similar since both religious and linguistic minorities have been put in power in Article 30.

Article 350 A:

It says there shall be a Special Officer for linguistic minorities to be appointed by the President.

“It shall be the duty of the Special Officer to investigate all matters relating to the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under this constitution and report to the President upon those matters.”

National Commission for Minorities (NCM)

Background:In 1978, the setting up of the Minorities Commission (MC) was envisaged in the Ministry of Home Affairs Resolution.

In 1984, the MC was detached from the Ministry of Home Affairs and placed under the newly created Ministry of Welfare, which excluded linguistic minorities from the Commission’s jurisdiction in 1988.

In 1992, with the enactment of the NCM Act, 1992, the MC became a statutory body and was renamed the NCM.

The first National Commission for Minoritie with a statutory status was formed in 1993.

Composition of the commission:

The commission consists of seven members which include a Chairperson and a Vice-Chairperson along with five other members.

All members of the commission must belong to minority communities enlisted as minorities, and from amongst persons of eminence, ability, and integrity.

Every member of the Commission holds office for a period of three years.

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