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1. Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats
2. Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in percentage. Discuss
3. what are the environmental implications of the reclamation of the water bodies into urban land use? Explain with examples
4. Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment.
5. Why is India considered as a sub-continent? Elaborate your answer.
6. . Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples.
7. . How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human activities on the Earth? Explain.
8. Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of mineral oil in the world.
9. What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India?
1. Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum-Pacific Zone. (Answer in 150 words)
2. The process of desertification does not have climatic boundaries. Justify with examples. (Answer in 150 words)
3. How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far-reaching impact on the water resources of India? (Answer in 150 words
4. Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw material, by giving examples.(Answer in 150 words)
5. The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine. (Answer in 250 words)
6. Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures. (Answer in 250 words)
7. India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its development. Elaborate. (Answer in 250 words)
8. Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change. (Answer in 250 words)
1. How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism?
2. How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India?
3. How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment?
4. Can the strategy of regional resource-based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India?
5. Discuss the factors for localisation of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India
6. Empowering women is the key to control population growth." Discuss
7. What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India?
8. Assess the impact of global warming on the coral life system with examples
9. Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology.
1. “The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system”. How can it be made effective in urban areas?
2. Defining blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India
3. What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics.
4. Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India & explain the nature of convergence, collaboration & Competition for its success
5. Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation?
6. Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Arctic region?
7. Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics.
8. What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystems?
1. Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oil producing areas, particularly in many of the developing countries. Explain its implications.
2. In what way can floods be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India?
3. What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia?
4. “The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues of employment, but has also created new problems”. Substantiate this statement with examples
5. Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multidimensional effects
6. How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the Earth?
7. “In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development”. Discuss
8. Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulses because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by United Nations.
9. How does the cryosphere affect global climate?
1. South China Sea has assumed great geopolitical significance in the present context. Comment.
2. Major cities of India are becoming vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss.
3. Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations.
4. Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water transport in India.
5. In what way micro-watershed development projects help in water conservation in drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India?
6. With a brief background of quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and strategy of the ‘Smart City Programme.
1. Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money laundering. Elaborate measures to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels.
2. Keeping in view India's internal security, analyses the impact of cross-border cyber-attacks. Also discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. 1
3. Analyse the multidimensional challenges posed by external state and non-state actors, to the internal security of India. Also discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats
4.Analyse the complexity and intensity of terrorism, its causes, linkages and obnoxious nexus. Also suggest measures required to be taken to eradicate the menace of terrorism. 15 (Answer in 250 words)
6. Discuss different types of Cyber crimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace. (Answer in 150 words)
7. What are the determinants of left-wing extremism in the Eastern part of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas? (Answer in 250 words)
8. Analyze internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including Line of Control (LoC). Also, discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard. (Answer in 250 words)
9. Cross-Border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the IndiaMyanmar border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the challenges.
10. The banning of ‘Jammat-e-Islami’ in Jammu and Kashmir brought into focus the role of over-ground workers (OGWs) in assisting terrorist organizations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist organizations in insurgency affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralize the influence of OGWs.
11. What is the CyberDome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling internet crimes in India.
12. Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitized world due to rising cyber crimes. The Justice B.N. Srikrishna Committee Report addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are the strengths and weaknesses of the Report relating to protection of personal data in cyber space?
13. India’s proximity to the two of the world’s biggest illicit opium growing states has enhanced her internal security concerns. Explain the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking. What counter measures should be taken to prevent the same?
14. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself from the same.
15. Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Briefly explain the Government of India’s approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE.
16. The scourge of terrorism is a grave challenge to national security. What solutions do you suggest to curb this growing menace? What are the major sources of terrorist funding?
17. Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attack and the security framework to prevent it.
18. The North-Eastern region of India has been infested with insurgency for a very long time. Analyze the major reasons for the survival of armed insurgency in this region.
19. Mob violence is emerging as a serious law and order problem in India. By giving suitable examples, analyze the causes and consequences of such violence.
20. Use of internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major security concern. How have these been misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat.
21. Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile relations with some countries. Elucidate the challenges and strategies for effective border management
22. The terms ‘Hot Pursuit’ and ‘Surgical Strikes’ are often used in connection with armed action against terrorist attacks. Discuss the strategic impact of such actions.
23. ‘Terrorism is emerging as a competitive industry over the last few decades.” Analyse the above statement.
24. Religious indoctrination via digital media has resulted in Indian youth joining the
25. The persisting drives of the Government for development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements. With Malkangiri and Naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth.
26. Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a “Digital Armed Forces” to prevent crimes. Critically evaluate the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its effective implementation.
27. Discuss the advantages and security implications of cloud hosting of servers vis-a-vis in-house machine-based hosting for government businesses.
28. Human right activists constantly highlight the view that the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is a draconian act leading to cases of human rights abuses by the security forces. What sections of AFSPA are opposed by the activists? Critically evaluate the requirement with reference to the view held by the Apex Court.
29. In 2012, the longitudinal marking for high-risk areas for piracy was moved from 65 degrees east to 78 degrees east in the Arabian Sea by the International Maritime Organization. What impact does this have on India’s maritime security concerns?
30. China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for development of an economic corridor. What threat does this pose for India’s security? Critically examine.
31. “The diverse nature of India as a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to the impact of radicalism which is seen in her neighbourhood.” Discuss along with strategies to be adopted to counter this environment.
32. International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above their territory. What do you understand by ‘airspace? What are the implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggest ways to contain the threat.
33. How does illegal transborder migration pose a threat to India’s security? Discuss the strategies to curb this, bringing out the factors which give impetus to such migration
34. Aricle 244 of the Indian Constitution relates to administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyse the impact of non-implementation of the provisions of the Fifth schedule on the growth of Left Wing extremism.
35. How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border management particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar?
36. Money laundering poses a serious security threat to a country’s economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace?
37. What are social networking sites and what security implications do these sites present?
38. Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat than even Al Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring out the state of the country’s preparedness to deal with the same.
1. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States.
2. How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of the marginal and small farmers?
1. Discuss whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy of India?
2. Has the formation of linguistic states strengthened the cause of Indian unity?
3. Analyze the circumstances that led to the Tashkent Agreement in 1966. Discuss the highlights of the Agreement.
4. Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive role in the emergence of Bangladesh.
5. Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan, ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’
6. Discuss the contributions of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre- and post-independent India.
1. How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India’s water crisis?
2. What are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, 2013? How has the Food Security Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India?
3. What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification?.
1. How far is Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production
2. Elaborate the impact of the National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production from waterstressed areas.
3. How was India benefited from the contributions of Sir M. Visvesvaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan in the fields of water engineering and agricultural science respectively?.
4. How has the emphasis on certain crops brought about changes in cropping patterns in recent past? Elaborate the emphasis on millets production and consumption.
5. What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers from the low income trap?
6. Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers?.
7.Examine the role of supermarkets in supply chain management of fruits, vegetables, and food items.How do they eliminate number of intermediaries?
8. How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small and marginal farmers?
9. What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How crop diversification is helpful to stabilise the yield of the crops in the system?.
10. Explain various types of revolutions, took place in Agriculture after Independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India?
11.Livestock rearing has a big potential for providing non-farm employment and income in rural areas. Discuss suggesting suitable measures to promote this sector in India
12.In view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non–viable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing be promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons.
13.What is allelopathy? Discuss its role in major cropping systems of irrigated agriculture.
14.Discuss the role of land reforms in agricultural development Identify the factors that were responsible for the success of land reforms in India.
15.Given the vulnerability of Indian agriculture to vagaries of nature, discuss the need for crop insurance and bring out the salient features of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).
16. What is water-use efficiency? Describe the role of micro-irrigation in increasing the water-use efficiency
17. “In the villages itself no form of credit organization will be suitable except the cooperative society.” — All India Rural Credit Survey. Discuss this statement in the background of agricultural finance in India. What constraints and challenges do financial institutions supplying agricultural finance face? How can technology be used to better reach and serve rural clients?
18. There is also a point of view that Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) set up under the State Acts have not only impeded the development of agriculture but also have been the cause of food inflation in India. Critically examine..
19. Establish relationship between land reforms, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation of agriculture friendly land reforms in India.
20. India needs to strengthen measures to promote the pink revolution in food industry for ensuring better nutrition and health. Critically elucidate the statement.
21. What are the different types of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and at state levels? Critically analyse the agricultural subsidy regime with reference to the distortions created by it.
